Putin reveals new rules on nuclear weapons in Russia’s latest warning to the West

Russian President Vladimir Putin announced proposed changes to Moscow’s rule book on the use of nuclear weapons in another thinly-veiled warning to Western nations that continue to back Kyiv in the war in Ukraine.

In opening remarks before a meeting with senior officials on Russia’s nuclear deterrence on Wednesday, which were released by the Kremlin and translated by NBC News, Putin said that “a number of clarifications … defining the conditions for the use of nuclear weapons” are being made to the document that defines Russia’s nuclear doctrine.

He added that draft amendments to the doctrine expand “the category of states and military alliances in relation to which nuclear deterrence is carried out” and include a supplemented “list of military threats” that Russia would see as a justification to deploy nuclear weapons.

In a pointed warning to the Western nations as they continue to support Ukraine, Putin announced that any attack against Russia by a non-nuclear state that was backed by a nuclear-armed one would be considered a “joint attack.”

“What I would especially like to draw your attention to, is that in the updated version of the document, aggression against Russia by any non-nuclear state, but with the participation or support of a nuclear state, is proposed to be considered as their joint attack on the Russian Federation,” Putin said.

The latest comments on imminent changes to Russia’s nuclear doctrine, which sets out the conditions under which nuclear weapons can be used, have been widely seen as a warning to the West as certain allies — specifically the U.S. and the U.K. — consider whether to give Ukraine the green light to use long-range weaponry they’ve donated to Kyiv against military targets within Russia.

Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is currently in the U.S., where he has pressed officials to maintain support for Kyiv as the presidential election nears in November. He is due to meet incumbent President Joe Biden in Washington on Thursday and is expected to press the Washington leader on Kyiv’s request to use long-range missiles, a strategy that Ukraine believes could change the dial in the war that started in February 2022.

Ahead of the visit, Zelenskyy said the U.S. and the U.K. had still not officially authorized Kyiv to use such weapons in this way, despite public comments to the contrary.

“We have long-range weapons. But not in the amount we need, let’s say. Nevertheless, we have this package — [of long-range missiles] Storm Shadow, ATACMS, SCALP. But neither America nor Great Britain gave us permission to use these weapons on the territory of Russia, for any purpose at any distance. We did not use long-range weapons on the territory of the Russian Federation,” Zelenskyy told reporters Friday, in comments translated by NBC News.

Putin seemed to directly reference Ukraine’s possible future launching of long-rang missiles at Russia, saying Moscow would consider a nuclear response if it receives “credible information about a mass takeoff” of strategic of tactical planes toward Russia, or the launch of cruise missiles, hypersonic weapons or drones toward its territory.

Russia’s latest comments on changing its nuclear doctrine are not a surprise — Moscow has hinted for months that it was making changes to its official stance on the use of nuclear weapons.

Public comments on the matter have become more frequent as Ukraine has overtly pressed its allies over the use of Western long-range missiles to strike targets within Russia.

Ukraine’s ongoing incursion into Russia’s Kursk border region has also prompted more saber-rattling by President Putin and prominent Russian hawks, who claimed the cross-border raid was aided and abetted by the West. Ukraine’s allies deny any prior knowledge of the operation, which started in August.

Earlier in September, Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said Moscow was in the process of amending its nuclear doctrine because of what it saw as a Western-backed “escalation” of the war with Ukraine amid the Kursk operation.

As it stands, Russia’s current nuclear doctrine states that Russia “reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear weapons and other types of weapons of mass destruction against it and/or its allies, as well as in the event of aggression against the Russian Federation using conventional weapons, when the very existence of the state is threatened,” according to a Google translation.

Other conditions that could determine the use of nuclear weapons by Russia include the “receipt of reliable information about the launch of ballistic missiles attacking the territory of the Russian Federation and (or) its allies,” as well as “the enemy’s impact on critically important state or military facilities,” according to the same document.

In its 2020 policy, Russia nonetheless described nuclear weapons as “a means of deterrence,” the use of which would be “an extreme and necessary measure.”

Russia refers to its nuclear doctrine as “defensive in nature” and said it “takes all necessary efforts to reduce the nuclear threat and prevent the aggravation of interstate relations that could provoke military conflicts, including nuclear ones.”

Since Russia invaded Ukraine, Putin has repeatedly reiterated the message that Moscow would not hesitate to deploy such weapons if its own territorial integrity and sovereignty were threatened.

In May, Russia held tactical nuclear weapons drills near the Ukraine border, and Moscow has also stationed such weapons within the territory of its ally, Belarus.

Tactical or nonstrategic nuclear weapons are designed for battlefield use and are able to erase specific targets, such as military bases or training centers.

While they are less devastating than strategic nuclear weapons that can wipe out entire cities, the deployment of such weapons would represent a serious escalation in the war and foster concerns of a direct confrontation with the West.

On Wednesday, Putin said Moscow reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in case of an attack on Belarus, as it’s part of the “Union State” with Russia — a special partnership between the neighbors and allies. That includes cases when the enemy, using conventional weapons, “creates critical danger to our sovereignty,” Putin said.