SpaceX is set to launch its fifth test flight of its Starship rocket on Sunday, as the company looks to make an ambitious attempt at catching the rocket’s booster.
Elon Musk‘s company has a 30-minute window, from 8 a.m. ET to 8:30 a.m. ET, in which to launch Starship from its Starbase facility near Brownsville, Texas. If SpaceX is unable to launch within that window for weather or technical reasons, the company will postpone the attempt to a later date.
Assuming the launch goes according to plan, Starship would reach space and then travel halfway around the Earth before reentering the atmosphere and splashing down. Additionally, the rocket’s “Super Heavy” booster would return after separating from Starship and land on the arms of the company’s launch tower.
The Federal Aviation Administration issued SpaceX with a license to launch Starship’s fifth flight on Saturday, sooner than the regulator previously estimated.
There will not be any people on board the fifth Starship flight.
SpaceX has flown the full Starship rocket system on four spaceflight tests so far, with launches in April and November of last year, as well as this March and June. Each of the test flights have achieved more milestones than the last.
The company’s rocket successfully completed a flight test for the first time during the June flight, as Starship splashed down in the Indian Ocean after surviving the intense forces of reentering the atmosphere. Additionally, the rocket’s booster return in one piece to make a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico.
The SpaceX Starship sits on a launch pad at Starbase near Boca Chica, Texas, on October 12, 2024, ahead of the Starship Flight 5 test. The test will involve the return of Starship’s Super Heavy Booster to the launch site.
Sergio Flores | Afp | Getty Images
The Starship system is designed to be fully reusable and aims to become a new method of flying cargo and people beyond Earth. The rocket is also critical to NASA’s plan to return astronauts to the moon. SpaceX won a multibillion-dollar contract from the agency to use Starship as a crewed lunar lander as part of NASA’s Artemis moon program.
The company’s leadership has said SpaceX expects to fly hundreds of Starship missions before the rocket launches with any crew.
SpaceX emphasizes that it tries to build “on what we’ve learned from previous flights” in its approach to developing the massive rocket.
But the company wanted to launch the fifth flight earlier than October, leading both SpaceX and Musk to be vocally critical of the FAA, saying that “superfluous environmental analysis” was holding up the process.
While the FAA and partner agencies at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Commerce Department’s National Marine Fisheries Service conducted assessments more quickly than anticipated, SpaceX has also had to pay fines to environmental regulators regarding unauthorized water discharges at its Texas launch site.
Goals for fifth flight
The SpaceX Starship sits on a launch pad at Starbase near Boca Chica, Texas, on October 12, 2024, ahead of the Starship Flight 5 test. The test will involve the return of Starship’s Super Heavy Booster to the launch site.
Sergio Flores | Afp | Getty Images
SpaceX will be looking to surpass the fourth test flight’s milestones.
In this flight, the company is looking to return the booster back to the launch site and use the “chopstick” arms on the tower to catch the vehicle. The company sees the ambitious catch approach as critical to its goal of making the rocket fully reusable.
“SpaceX engineers have spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt, with technicians pouring tens of thousands of hours into building the infrastructure to maximize our chances for success,” the company wrote on its website.
The catch attempt requires thousands of criteria to be met, the company said, or else the booster will divert from the return trajectory to instead splash down off the coast in the Gulf of Mexico.
“We accept no compromises when it comes to ensuring the safety of the public and our team, and the return will only be attempted if conditions are right,” SpaceX said.
The rocket
Starship is both the tallest and most powerful rocket ever launched. Fully stacked on the Super Heavy booster, Starship stands 397 feet tall and is about 30 feet in diameter.
The Super Heavy booster, which stands 232 feet tall, is what begins the rocket’s journey to space. At its base are 33 Raptor engines, which together produce 16.7 million pounds of thrust — about double the 8.8 million pounds of thrust of NASA’s Space Launch System rocket, which launched for the first time in 2022.
Starship itself, at 165 feet tall, has six Raptor engines — three for use while in the Earth’s atmosphere and three for operating in the vacuum of space.
The rocket is powered by liquid oxygen and liquid methane. The full system requires more than 10 million pounds of propellant for launch.